Salivary Glands: Structure, Functions and Regulation summarizes the current understanding of the critical role that miRNAs and lncRNAs may play in salivary gland development and physiology, tumorigenesis and its progression, as well as in other pathologies. The authors also evaluate their potential as circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets in different pathologies. Next, the authors explore the diagnostic assessment, surgical approaches, and use of radiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of parotid tumors. Furthermore, the most common complications of parotid surgery and relative management are considered. The clinical presentation, etiology and diagnostic modality of juvenile recurrent parotitis is reviewed, in conjunction with the role of sialoendoscopy in the diagnosis, management and prevention of recurrent attacks.